Actually, the Standard Model of inflationary cosmology is remarkably well-defined, with only one major point left, which is the precise nature of pre-inflation space. The maths is extremely elegant, and every single piece of evidence supports every single other piece of evidence in favour of the 'Big Bang' model.
If you want to learn more about standard cosmology, I would recommend Brian Greene's The Fabric of the Cosmos, an easy to follow, eloquent discussion of the development of physics from Newton to M-theory.
The central idea of the 'computer simulation' theory is that a computer simulation would by necessity place very particular upper bounds on certain details, like the amount of energy available in a particle (an upper limit which has been partially observed); and also the existential assertion that if it were possible to make a completely accurate computer simulation of the universe, it is statistically more likely than not that ours is one of the simulations, simply because there would be more simulations than 'real' universes.
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If you want to learn more about standard cosmology, I would recommend Brian Greene's The Fabric of the Cosmos, an easy to follow, eloquent discussion of the development of physics from Newton to M-theory.
The central idea of the 'computer simulation' theory is that a computer simulation would by necessity place very particular upper bounds on certain details, like the amount of energy available in a particle (an upper limit which has been partially observed); and also the existential assertion that if it were possible to make a completely accurate computer simulation of the universe, it is statistically more likely than not that ours is one of the simulations, simply because there would be more simulations than 'real' universes.